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WHDL - 00020520
Portugal is the oldest nation-state in Europe. Its defined borders have not changed since the 12th century. During the 15th and 16th centuries, its maritime power and influence brought great wealth from its colonies. However, with the destruction of Lisbon in a massive earthquake in 1755, followed by occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822, Portugal struggled to recover. That struggle took the country through years of upheaval and unrest under repressive governments following a revolution that deposed its monarchy in 1910.
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