Spengler saw himself as the prophet of potential for the German people. As the old world of bourgeois Europe burned beneath the fires of hatred, war, and blockade, Spengler foresaw a renewal that held the promise of potential. Spengler argued that history was the chronicle of the rise and fall of the great cultures of human history.

Different teaching methods should be used when instructing adults versus those used to teach children. Adults have many life experiences, they have a need to know, and they are often highly motivated to learn as it relates to career growth and personal advancement. In this paper, the author discusses andragogy and how adult learning theory affects the learner. The principles of andragogy provide the librarian instructor with a foundation for how to teach the adult learner. Suggestions for how to apply the principles of andragogy are listed in the paper.

Prussia and the United States both struggled with the problem of guerrilla warfare.

Partisans attacked Prussian and American armies throughout their wars of unification hampering the war effort as well as presenting a massive increase to an old problem. The inauguration of large-scale conscription and the general abandonment of purely professional militaries led to an enormous change in the way nations considered civilians during wartime. The similar situations that confronted Lincoln in North America and Moltke in Europe brought about very different results.